Meta psychotic
Specifically, obsessive-compulsive syndrome (OCS) and OC disorder (OCD) have been reported. We then propose recommendations for the best practice of cognitive behavioral therapy in this difficult population, as well as areas that need exploration for future research.Ĭomorbid disorders often occur in psychoses from the schizophrenia spectrum and are an additional burden for patients' quality of life, render treatment and rehabilitation prognosis more difficult and can also contribute to suicidal ideation. We review the research that has taken place regarding the co-occurrence of SZ and OCD, discuss it's theoretical conceptulization and clinical differentiation and diagnosis. The comorbidities in both SZ and OCD are common and frequently diagnosed, and research has generally found that comorbidities are associated with conditions that are more complex to diagnose and treat, and often result in less favorable prognoses. Schizophrenia affects approximately 1% of the global population and OCD has a lifetime prevalence of between 2% and 3% in the general population. They are both common, significantly disabling and have the tendency to strike during critical developmental periods in a young person's life. There is little doubt that schizophrenia (SZ) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are among the most severe disorders to impact humanity. However, large heterogeneity between studies highlights the complex nature of factors influencing cognition in people with psychotic disorder and comorbid OCS and warrants further research into possible moderating factors. Overall, comorbid OCS were not associated with cognitive impairment. Patients fulfilling the criteria for an obsessive–compulsive disorder showed less impairment in cognitive inhibition compared to the OCS + group (R2 = 0.63). Meta-regression revealed advanced age was significantly correlated with worse performance of the OCS + group in processing speed (R2 = 0.7), working memory (R2 = 0.11), cognitive inhibition (R2 = 0.59), and cognitive flexibility (R2 = 0.34). Post-hoc analyses of processing speed tasks not purely based on reaction-time showed worse performance in the OCS + group with a small effect size (SMD = − 0.190 p = 0.029). We predominantly found large heterogeneity in effect size and direction among studies. No overall associations between OCS + and OCS− in any of the 17 investigated cognitive domains were found. We used meta-regression to assess possible confounding effects. We conducted meta-analyses on several cognitive domains to investigate overall group differences between patients with a psychotic disorder and co-occurring OCS (OCS +) and those without OCS (OCS−). Obsessive–compulsive symptoms (OCS) in psychotic disorders are associated with unfavorable outcomes, whether this extends to cognitive function remains unclear.